Final answer:
In cumulative voting, each share of stock is equal to one vote. Therefore, Joan would typically have a total of 400 votes if she owns 100 shares and there are 4 directors being elected.
Step-by-step explanation:
In cumulative voting, each share of stock is equal to one vote. To calculate Joan's total number of votes, we would multiply her number of shares by the number of directors being elected. So, if Joan owns 100 shares and there are 4 directors being elected, she would typically have a total of 400 votes.