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The light reactions of photosynthesis use chemiosmosis to produce ATP that will be used in the Calvin cycle. The electrochemical gradient that drives this chemiosmosis is formed across which structure(s)?

-Stroma
-Stomata
-Thylakoid membrane
-Cristae
-Outer membrane of the chloroplast
-Photosystem II

User Sooraj
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Final answer:

The electrochemical gradient for chemiosmosis in the light reactions of photosynthesis is established across the thylakoid membrane, and is essential for ATP production used in the Calvin cycle.

Step-by-step explanation:

The electrochemical gradient that drives chemiosmosis in the light reactions of photosynthesis is formed across the thylakoid membrane. The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis utilize the energy from sunlight to transfer electrons from water to NADP+, producing NADPH. In the process, protons are moved across the thylakoid membrane into the thylakoid lumen, creating a high concentration of hydrogen ions there. This gradient is then used by ATP synthase to produce ATP, which is utilized in the Calvin cycle to convert CO₂ into organic compounds.

User Ronni
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