Final answer:
Raphael's 'The School of Athens' was commissioned by Pope Julius II and features key historical figures representing the synthesis of classical and Renaissance learning.
Step-by-step explanation:
Raphael's renowned painting, The School of Athens, was commissioned by Pope Julius II. This fresco represents the gathering of the greatest minds of classical antiquity in mathematics, philosophy, and science as they share ideas and learn from each other. In this grand scene, central figures such as Aristotle and Plato are prominent, highlighting the significance of knowledge from both the philosophical and mathematical domains, alongside the connection between antiquity and the Renaissance. Raphael even paid homage to Michelangelo by including his likeness in the fresco, reflecting the rich interplay of artistic genius of the era.