Final answer:
Margaret Mead conducted a now-classic study of cultural variation in Papua New Guinea in the 1930s, focusing on gender in several societies.
Step-by-step explanation:
The anthropologist that conducted a now-classic study of cultural variation in the 1930s in Papua New Guinea was Margaret Mead. In her research, Mead studied gender in several societies in New Guinea and discovered three cultural groups with vastly different interpretations of gender.