Final answer:
The rules for organizing stimuli into coherent groups were first identified by d) Gestalt psychologists.
Step-by-step explanation:
Gestalt psychologists, such as Max Wertheimer, Kurt Ko.f.f.k.a, and Wolfgang Köhler, introduced the principles of perceptual organization in the early 20th century. They proposed that our brains naturally organize sensory information into meaningful patterns and wholes rather than just isolated elements. This concept was a departure from the reductionist approach prevalent at the time, where perceptions were seen as the sum of individual sensory components.
The Gestalt principles, including proximity, similarity, closure, continuity, and figure-ground, outlined how our minds organize visual elements into unified wholes, shaping our perceptions of the world. Their work revolutionized psychology's understanding of perception, emphasizing the importance of context and the whole in shaping our interpretations of stimuli. These principles continue to influence various fields, from design and art to cognitive psychology and beyond, highlighting the enduring impact of Gestalt psychology.
Correct Answer: d) Gestalt psychologists