Final answer:
The learning process described is an example of associative learning, specifically classical conditioning.
Step-by-step explanation:
The learning process described in the question is an example of associative learning. More specifically, it can be categorized as classical conditioning. Classical conditioning is a type of associative learning in which two stimuli are associated together, leading to a learned response. In this case, the student learns to anticipate the surge of hot water in the shower following the flush of an adjacent toilet. The initial flush of the toilet serves as the unconditioned stimulus, which triggers an unconditioned response of hot water. Over time, the student associates the sound of the flush with the hot water, causing them to anticipate it.