Final answer:
Tuberculosis and influenza are airborne diseases, which are transmitted directly through the air from one person to another without the need for a vector or nonliving carrier.
Step-by-step explanation:
Tuberculosis and influenza are examples of airborne diseases. These diseases are transmitted when an infected person coughs or sneezes, releasing droplets into the air that contain the pathogens. Unlike vectorborne diseases, which require an organism like a mosquito or a tick to transmit the pathogen, or vehicleborne diseases, which are transmitted via nonliving carriers like food or water, airborne diseases can spread directly through the air from person to person.
In the case of influenza, more commonly known as the flu, epidemics can arise when the disease spreads rapidly within a region. Both tuberculosis and influenza can be serious global health threats, given the ease with which these diseases can be spread through air travel and person-to-person contact in densely populated areas.