Final answer:
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and presbyopia are disorders that can lead to the loss of central vision. AMD affects the macula, leading to a black spot in central vision, while presbyopia affects the eye's ability to focus on close objects.
Step-by-step explanation:
Disorders that can lead to the loss of central vision include age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and presbyopia. AMD is the most common cause of blindness in the Western hemisphere and it affects the macula, the part of the retina responsible for high visual acuity. Over time, cells in the retinal pigment epithelium die, and the macula starts to degenerate, leading to a black spot in the center of a patient's vision that can expand and cause significant vision loss.
On the other hand, presbyopia is associated with aging and results in the eye gradually losing its ability to focus on close objects. A person with presbyopia might still need reading glasses even after distant vision correction treatments like LASIK because these procedures do not restore the eye's ability to accommodate or focus on objects that are close.