Question

Vroom's Expectancy Theory concurred with other theories in believing that people are motivated by unmet needs, but further posited that:

a) People can decide how they will and will not behave to meet these needs.
b) People often expect someone else to meet their needs.
c) People expect that they can always control whether their needs are met.
d) People expect their needs to be met, and lose motivation if they are not met.

Answer 1

Vroom's Expectancy Theory posits that individuals are motivated by their expectations that specific behaviors will lead to desired outcomes, a belief underpinned by self-efficacy and the decision-making process regarding behavior to meet needs.

Step-by-step explanation:

Vroom's Expectancy Theory expands on the belief that people are motivated by unmet needs by specifying that people can decide how they will and will not behave to meet these needs. It highlights the importance of self-efficacy, the belief in one's own ability to complete tasks and achieve goals. Individuals are motivated by their expectations about the consequences of their behaviors, driven by their belief in their capability to perform those behaviors. Therefore, motivation is not only about having needs but also about the expectation that certain behaviors will lead to the fulfillment of those needs.

Other theories like Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs also emphasize the spectrum of human motives from basic biological needs to higher-level social and self-actualization needs, indicating an organized prioritization for fulfilling these needs.