Final answer:
The question involves classifying biological statements and understanding reasoning types related to the principles of bird flight and evolution. A given statement exemplifies deductive reasoning, and the classification of another statement would be 'theory' based on scientific evidence.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student's question pertains to the classification of certain biological statements and examples, particularly within the context of reasoning, universal statements, logical equivalence, and the principles governing the flight and evolution of birds. Deciding whether the examples provided are instances of inductive or deductive reasoning involves understanding if the conclusion is based on specific observations leading to a general statement (inductive) or derives from general premises to a specific conclusion (deductive).
1. The statement "All flying birds and insects have wings. Birds and insects flap their wings as they move through the air. Therefore, wings enable flight." is an example of deductive reasoning as it starts from a general premise and leads to a specific conclusion about the function of wings.
Counterexamples to universal statements can prove such statements false. For instance, stating that all birds can fly would be challenged by the existence of flightless birds like penguins.
Classifying statements as a law, theory, experiment, hypothesis, or observation is another task described by the student. For example, the statement "Birds evolved from dinosaurs" would typically be classified as a theory, as it is a widely accepted scientific explanation based on substantial evidence.