Final answer:
DNA does not play a role in translation as it is the template from which mRNA is transcribed during transcription, while translation involves mRNA, ribosomes, tRNA, and amino acids.
Step-by-step explanation:
The component that does not play a role in translation is DNA. Translation is the process in which ribosomes synthesize proteins from amino acids, using the genetic code carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). The critical players in this process are the mRNA molecule, ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and amino acids. tRNA molecules carry specific amino acids to the ribosome, where they are added to the growing polypeptide chain.
Each tRNA has an anticodon that is complementary to the mRNA codon for its specific amino acid. Ribosomes facilitate the bonding of adjacent amino acids, constructing a complete protein molecule as dictated by the mRNA template. DNA, however, is not directly involved in translation; it serves as the blueprint from which mRNA is transcribed during the preceding stage of protein synthesis, known as transcription.