Final answer:
The correct answer is option c) green revolution.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term you are referring to is the Green Revolution, which is not to be confused with the Industrial Revolution or the sustainable agriculture movement. The Green Revolution was a period of worldwide advances in agriculture that occurred between 1950 and 1984. This transformation included the increased use of machinery and chemicals, such as artificial fertilizers and pesticides, to greatly increase global food production. Part of this revolution involved the development of high-response varieties (HRVs) of essential crops like wheat, rice, maize, and millet. Key to the success of the Green Revolution was the work of Norman Borlaug, who developed disease-resistant strains of crops that significantly increased yields, especially in developing nations.
While the Green Revolution played a crucial role in averting the predicted global famines of the late 1960s by drastically improving crop yields, it has also been criticized for introducing capital- and energy-intensive farming methods to traditionally subsistence-based agricultural regions. This has led to increased social inequality and farmer debt in some areas, raising concerns about the sustainability of such agricultural practices over the long term despite their initial success in enhancing food security.