Final answer:
A clean-catch urine specimen containing white blood cells and bacteria is indicative of a urinary tract infection (UTI), which matches option B. Other conditions listed might result in hematuria, but UTIs are directly associated with the presence of both bacteriuria and pyuria.
Step-by-step explanation:
The presence of white blood cells (WBCs) and bacteria in a clean-catch urine specimen suggests an active urinary tract infection (UTI). When bacteria from the lower gastrointestinal tract are introduced into the urinary tract, they can cause a UTI, resulting in the appearance of leukocyte esterase in the urine, which indicates the presence of white blood cells, or pyuria. A urinary tract infection can lead to more serious conditions such as pyelonephritis if the bacteria travel higher up to the kidneys. The presence of hematuria, or red blood cells, is also consistent with UTIs and can indicate irritation or damage within the urinary system.
Condition A, a kidney stone, often presents with hematuria due to minor damage inside the wall of the kidney or urethra but doesn't necessarily coincide with bacteriuria unless an infection is also present. Renal cell carcinoma (Condition C) may lead to blood in the urine but is not typically associated with bacteriuria and pyuria. And Renal tubular degradation (Condition D) pertains to kidney damage but also doesn't inherently involve infection markers found in urine.
Therefore, the answer to the student's question is B. A urinary tract infection is consistent with the findings of bacteriuria and pyuria in a clean-catch urine specimen.