Final answer:
The abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is known as scoliosis, which can involve bending and twisting of the vertebral column.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that describes an abnormal lateral curvature of a patient's spine is scoliosis. This condition involves not only a bending to the side but may also include a twisting of the vertebral column. In contrast, kyphosis is characterized by an excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic region, often associated with conditions such as osteoporosis. Another curvature disorder of the spine is lordosis, which is an excessive curvature in the anterior direction predominantly found in the lumbar region, commonly seen in obesity or late pregnancy. Lateral curvatures in the spine, such as scoliosis, can cause significant changes in posture and appearance, and in severe cases, can impact an individual's ability to perform everyday activities.