Final answer:
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the CFTR gene, inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, leading to thick mucus that can cause lung infections and digestive issues. Medical advancements have improved the life expectancy for those affected.
Step-by-step explanation:
Cystic fibrosis is classified as a genetic disorder. It is caused by an inherited mutation in the CFTR gene which leads to the production of thick and sticky mucus that can clog various organs. The disease is autosomal recessive, meaning an individual must inherit two faulty alleles — one from each parent — to display the condition. Cystic fibrosis can lead to serious issues, including frequent lung infections and digestive problems due to the buildup of mucus. However, with advancements in medical treatment, the life expectancy of individuals with cystic fibrosis has increased significantly over the past decades.