Final answer:
A Public Water System can be out of compliance with the Total Coliform Rule by exceeding the Maximum Contaminant Levels for coliforms, which indicates potential contamination by harmful pathogens.
Step-by-step explanation:
A Public Water System (PWS) could be out of compliance with the Total Coliform Rule (TCR) if it exceeds the Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL) for total coliform. The main goal of the TCR is to protect public health by ensuring the safety of drinking water. Exceeding the MCL means that the water supply may be contaminated with pathogens capable of causing waterborne diseases. Such contamination could be a result of improper treatment or contamination of the water source.
The TCR can be triggered when certain indicative tests suggest potential contamination. These tests look specifically for the presence of total coliform bacteria, which are relatively harmless but indicate that there is a pathway through which pathogens could enter the water system. If a sample tests positive, it must be followed up with tests for fecal coliforms or E. coli, which are more directly associated with fecal contamination. Violation of these regulations can lead to public health advisories or even enforcement actions by the EPA that could include fines and penalties.
The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Amendment of 1986 and ongoing developments in water management emphasize the need for regular monitoring and prompt response to potential water quality issues. Effective management, including informing the public of serious water issues, is essential to ensure a safe water supply under the TCR.