Final answer:
Tiny pits on the surface of the nail are commonly a sign of fungal infections caused by dermatophytes. These skin infections can be treated with over-the-counter antifungal creams or powders, but persistent cases might need prescription medication.
Step-by-step explanation:
Tiny pits of severe roughness on the surface of the nail are signs of a condition often caused by dermatophytic skin infections. One of the main culprits behind such nail conditions is the infection of fingernails and toenails by fungal organisms, particularly dermatophytes. Dermatophytes are fungi that secrete extracellular enzymes to break down keratin, which is found in hair, skin, and nails. This process leads to conditions such as athlete's foot, jock itch, and various nail infections.
These infections often present superficially but can lead to more serious conditions if left untreated. Many over-the-counter options exist, such as topical creams and powders, which are effective for treating these fungal infections. However, more persistent cases might require stronger, prescription oral medications. Signs of severe roughness on the surface of the nail, also known as pitted nails, can be an indication of a condition called onychomycosis. Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail bed and plate. It is caused by dermatophytes, a type of fungus that can break down keratin, the protein found in hair, skin, and nails, leading to nail pitting.