Final answer:
A nurse would tell a patient with frostbite that the body responds to cold by reducing blood circulation to the extremities to preserve core warmth, which can lead to tissue damage.
Step-by-step explanation:
When exposed to cold, the body employs several mechanisms to preserve core temperature and to protect vital organs. The nurse might explain to a patient with frostbite that the body's initial response to cold is to reduce blood circulation to the extremities, such as the hands and feet.
Additionally, the body will start shivering, which is random muscle movement that generates heat. The body also increases the breakdown of stored energy to produce heat. If the cold exposure continues and the energy reserves are depleted, red blood cells will lose their ability to supply oxygen, potentially causing confusion, lethargy.
A patient with frostbite might notice whitish skin and numbed extremities resulting from constricted arterioles and reduced circulation. If not addressed, the affected skin can freeze and become permanently damaged, sometimes leading to gangrene and the necessity for amputation.