Final answer:
LEOs may install GPS devices on a drug suspect's car if they comply with the Fourth Amendment, which requires a warrant based on probable cause, as established by United States v. Jones and Carpenter v. United States Supreme Court decisions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Law enforcement officers (LEOs) can install and use a GPS device on a drug suspect's car, but only in compliance with the Fourth Amendment, which protects individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures. This was established by the Supreme Court in United States v. Jones, 565 U.S. (2012), stating that attaching a GPS device to a vehicle and tracking its movements constitutes a search.
Therefore, such monitoring would generally require a warrant, based on probable cause, to be legally valid. Furthermore, the Supreme Court extended this protection to warrantless location tracking by accessing information provided to cellular companies in Carpenter v. United States (2018). As technology facilitates the monitoring of individuals, the precedence set by these cases ensures checks are in place to prevent abuse of surveillance measures without proper judicial oversight. This balance is crucial as GPS and other forms of electronic surveillance become more pervasive in law enforcement, potentially impacting law-abiding citizens.