Final answer:
An HIV patient with memory problems or gait disturbances needs a thorough neurological workup, including CD4 T-cell count assessment and brain imaging, followed by tailored treatment including antiretroviral therapy and symptom management.
Step-by-step explanation:
An HIV patient presenting with memory problems or gait disturbance should undergo a comprehensive workup. Symptoms such as disruptive memory loss, difficulty with planning and executing tasks, and poor judgment can indicate HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Similarly, gait disturbances like slowed movements and balance issues may occur. The workup should include neurological examinations, CD4 T-cell count assessment using flow cytometry, MRI or CT scans, and tests for opportunistic infections. These tests aim to rule out other causes and assess the extent of neurological involvement.
For treatment, antiretroviral therapy (ART) is crucial for controlling HIV progression. Physicians will adjust treatment based on CD4 T-cell counts, particularly if they fall below 500 cells/μL. Management of gait and neurocognitive symptoms may require the aid of neurologists and physical therapists. Monitoring for opportunistic infections and managing them aggressively is also essential. There is no cure for HIV, so ongoing management of the condition and symptoms is paramount.