Final answer:
When a patient presents with fatigue, petechiae, infection, bone pain, and HSM, these symptoms are concerning for a hematologic malignancy, such as AML. If more than 20% of blasts are found in the bone marrow, it confirms the diagnosis of AML.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a patient presents with fatigue, petechiae, infection, bone pain, and hepatosplenomegaly (HSM), these symptoms are concerning for a hematologic malignancy, such as acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) or myeloproliferative neoplasms.
If more than 20% of blasts are found in the bone marrow, it is indicative of AML. Blasts are immature blood cells that should not be present in large quantities in the bone marrow. Having over 20% blasts is an abnormal finding and confirms the diagnosis of AML.
It is important to conduct further diagnostic tests, such as blood counts, bone marrow biopsy, and cytogenetic analysis, to confirm the diagnosis and determine the specific subtype of AML.