Final answer:
Type II hypersensitivity involves cell damage caused by antibody binding and complement activation, often targeting red blood cells. Diagnosis is via clinical assessment and laboratory tests, while treatment includes avoiding the causative agent and immunosuppressive therapy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Type II hypersensitivity is a form of an allergic reaction where cell damage is caused by the binding of an antibody to a specific antigen on the cell surface, which typically activates the complement system. This immune reaction most commonly targets red blood cells, leading to their destruction. Disorders such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and some drug-induced anemias are examples of type II hypersensitivity reactions.
The diagnosis of type II hypersensitivity involves clinical assessment, including the patient's history and presentation, as well as laboratory tests such as complete blood count (CBC), direct Coombs test, and assays for specific antibodies. Patients may present with signs and symptoms of anemia, jaundice, or general weakness, depending on the severity of the reaction and extent of cell destruction.
Treatment for type II hypersensitivity reactions includes the avoidance of the causative agent if known, and medical management that may involve immunosuppressive therapy, plasmapheresis, or the administration of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG). In severe cases, supportive treatments such as blood transfusions might be necessary. These interventions aim to reduce antibody production, remove circulating antibodies, and alleviate the clinical manifestations of the hypersensitivity reaction.