Final answer:
Neutropenic fever is primarily caused by bacterial infections, with Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Enterobacteriaceae being the most common pathogens involved. Individuals with neutropenia are more susceptible to severe infections, hence early identification and tailored antibiotic treatment based on susceptibility testing are crucial.
Step-by-step explanation:
The etiology of neutropenic fever often involves infections due to a weakened immune system in individuals with low levels of neutrophils, which are a type of white blood cell. In the context of neutropenic fever, the most common pathogens causing the fever are bacterial infections. These infections can arise from normal flora in the body, which become opportunistic or, less commonly, from external nosocomial infections.
The most common bacterial culprits in neutropenic fever include Staphylococcus, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, and various members of Enterobacteriaceae. These bacteria can cause a wide range of infections, from skin infections to severe pneumonia. When neutrophil levels are low due to conditions like chemotherapy for cancer, these otherwise manageable infections can quickly become severe.
Since these infections can be life-threatening, especially in individuals who have neutropenia, prompt identification and treatment with antibiotics are crucial. Furthermore, the specific antibiotic used for treatment usually depends on antimicrobial susceptibility testing to ensure the most effective therapy against the identified pathogen.