Final answer:
Individuals who should receive chemoprophylaxis after TB exposure include those with a positive TB skin test, infants, young children, and the immunocompromised, as well as those in close contact with an infected person and not previously treated or vaccinated for TB. The prophylaxis typically consists of a combination of antibiotics such as isoniazid and rifampin, with the selection aimed at preventing the development of drug-resistant TB strains.
Step-by-step explanation:
Chemoprophylaxis Post TB Exposure
Individuals who should receive chemoprophylaxis after a known TB exposure include those with a positive Mantoux tuberculin skin test or those with immune systems that are either immature, such as in infants and young children, or compromised, such as in HIV patients or those on immunosuppressants. Additionally, individuals with no prior history of TB treatment or vaccination who have been in close contact with a person with an active TB infection should also be considered for chemoprophylaxis.
The main form of ppx, or prophylaxis, includes administering a combination of antibiotics to prevent the development of active TB disease. The common antibiotics involved in this treatment are isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide, chosen for their ability to target the bacteria in different ways and prevent the emergence of drug-resistant strains. The Mantoux test and chest radiographs are vital in confirming exposure to TB, particularly to rule out false positives due to prior BCG vaccinations. In cases of drug-resistant TB, the treatment may be adjusted to include second-line drugs in the regimen.