Final answer:
Atrophy of the nail plate is often a result of injury or disease, and it is crucial for the protection and dexterity of fingers and toes. The condition of nails, including their color and growth, can reflect overall health issues.
Step-by-step explanation:
Atrophy or wasting away of the nail plate can occur due to injury or disease, affecting the visible part of the nail that is external to the skin. This condition may manifest itself as nails falling off or nails swelling as part of the body's response to trauma or illness. The nail plate is essential for protection and dexterity, as it is composed of densely packed dead keratinocytes and grows from a deep layer of living epidermal tissue known as the nail matrix. Factors such as age, sex, and season influence the rate at which nails grow, with fingernails typically growing faster than toenails.
Healthcare providers examine the nail bed for signs of systemic health problems, including assessment of oxygen saturation and blood flow. The color and growth patterns of nails can indicate recent health issues or nutrient deficiencies. It's important to be aware of potential risks such as infections from non-disinfected nail tools during manicures or pedicures, and the potential absorption of harmful substances like herbicides through the nails.
The nail bed is a specialized structure in the epidermis that forms the nail body. It is rich in blood vessels, making it appear pink. The nail bed is responsible for nail growth, as stem cells in the nail matrix divide and produce keratinocytes.
Fingernails and toenails serve important functions in protecting the fingers and toes from injury and enhancing sensation. They prevent injury by forming protective plates and help with gripping and picking up small objects.