Final answer:
The nail bed is a specialized structure of the epidermis that protects the tips of our fingers and toes. It is composed of densely packed dead keratinocytes and has a rich blood supply. Infection at the nail base can lead to nail loss.
Step-by-step explanation:
The nail bed is a specialized structure of the epidermis that is found at the tips of our fingers and toes. The nail body is formed on the nail bed, and protects the tips of our fingers and toes as they experience maximum mechanical stress. The nail body is composed of densely packed dead keratinocytes. The nail bed is rich in blood vessels, making it appear pink, except at the base, where a thick layer of epithelium over the nail matrix forms a crescent-shaped region called the lunula.
Infection at the nail base, usually with pus, if left untreated can cause loss of the nail. Nails, especially toenails, are prone to fungal infections due to their permeability. The various structures of the nail, such as the cuticle and the nail fold, play a role in protecting the nail bed from infections.
The cuticle is a layer of dead epithelial cells that overlaps and covers the edge of the nail plate, sealing the edges to prevent infection of the underlying tissues. The nail fold is a groove in the skin where the side edges of the nail plate are embedded.