Final answer:
Angiotensin II, produced by the action of renin and ACE, stabilizes blood pressure and volume, stimulates the release of aldosterone, and induces the release of ADH.
Step-by-step explanation:
Angiotensin II, produced by the action of renin and ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme), has three major functions:
- Stabilizing blood pressure and volume: Angiotensin II acts as a potent vasoconstrictor, constricting blood vessels and increasing blood pressure. It also triggers the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex, which stimulates the reabsorption of sodium by the renal tubules, leading to water retention and further stabilization of blood pressure and volume.
- Stimulating the release of aldosterone: Aldosterone is a hormone that increases the reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidneys. Angiotensin II stimulates the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex, which enhances sodium reabsorption and water retention, helping to maintain blood pressure and volume.
- Inducing the release of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH): Angiotensin II triggers the release of ADH from the hypothalamus. ADH, also known as vasopressin, signals the kidneys to reabsorb water, preventing excessive water loss and helping to maintain blood volume and pressure.