Final answer:
Federal anti-discrimination laws provide remedies including reinstatement, back pay, and monetary damages for victims of employment discrimination. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act and the Equal Pay Act are key statutes providing this protection. To reduce the earnings gap, these laws must be actively enforced and complemented by measures that address broader social inequalities.
Step-by-step explanation:
The remedies available under federal anti-discrimination laws include various forms of relief for individuals who have been subjected to discriminatory practices in employment. Under these laws, such as Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Equal Pay Act of 1963, individuals may seek remedies including but not limited to reinstatement to their position, back pay for wages lost due to discrimination, and compensation for pain and suffering. The Civil Rights Act of 1991 also allows for monetary damages in cases of intentional discrimination.
Policies that might help to reduce the earnings gap between men and women or between different races include ensuring equal pay for equal work, as mandated by the Equal Pay Act, and proactive measures to prevent discrimination before it occurs. Enforcing these antidiscrimination laws alongside broad measures addressing social patterns and systems can contribute to narrowing wage disparities and promoting fair treatment in the workplace.