Final answer:
Cryptococcosis symptoms typically emerge in immunocompromised individuals, with those having AIDS being the most susceptible. The infection can lead to fatal pulmonary infections and meningitis if untreated. Initial treatment usually involves amphotericin B and flucytosine, followed by fluconazole.
Step-by-step explanation:
Symptoms of infections caused by the encapsulated yeast Cryptococcus neoformans, like cryptococcosis, typically appear in immunocompromised populations. This fungus can be contracted by inhaling basidiospores found in environments such as bird droppings. The most at-risk individuals often include those with AIDS, cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, organ transplant recipients on immunosuppressive therapy, and individuals taking medication for autoimmune diseases.
Cryptococcosis can result in pulmonary infections and may disseminate to the brain, causing meningitis characterized by headaches, sensitivity to light, and confusion. Untreated, these infections can be fatal, especially in the immunocompromised, due to the fungus's capacity to avoid immune system clearance and the difficulty of fully eradicating the infection.
Initial treatment for cryptococcosis often involves a combination of antifungal drugs, including amphotericin B and flucytosine, which is then followed by a prolonged course of fluconazole to ensure the fungus is cleared.