Final answer:
The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution protects individuals from unlawful searches and seizures, requiring government officials to have a valid search warrant. In some instances, students' Fourth Amendment rights may be limited compared to adults, as seen in the case of New Jersey v. T.L.O.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution protects individuals from unlawful searches and seizures. It states that people have the right to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, and that no warrants shall be issued without probable cause and proper description of the place to be searched and the items to be seized. This amendment ensures that government officials must have a valid search warrant before conducting a search or seizure.
An important Supreme Court case related to the Fourth Amendment is New Jersey v. T.L.O., where a high school student's purse was searched by a school administrator. The Supreme Court ruled that while students have some expectation of privacy at school, their Fourth Amendment rights can be limited compared to adults.