Final answer:
Anaphylactic shock is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction triggered by exposure to certain allergens, leading to a rapid drop in blood pressure and respiratory distress. Epinephrine is the primary treatment and can be lifesaving. Individuals with severe allergies should always carry an epinephrine autoinjector.
Step-by-step explanation:
Anaphylactic shock, also known simply as anaphylaxis, is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. It occurs when someone with a severe allergy is exposed to an allergen they are sensitive to, leading to systemic mast cell degranulation. This degranulation releases large amounts of histamine and other chemicals that cause a sudden drop in blood pressure and the contraction of bronchial smooth muscles, which can be fatal if not treated promptly. Common allergens that can trigger this response include foods like shellfish and peanuts, insect stings such as bee stings, medications like penicillin, or environmental allergens that cause asthma.
During anaphylactic shock, a person may experience a range of symptoms including respiratory distress, plummeting blood pressure, and swelling of the tongue and throat. To treat this, epinephrine is administered, which helps to raise blood pressure and relax bronchial smooth muscles, providing relief from the symptoms. Individuals with known severe allergies are advised to carry an epinephrine autoinjector with them at all times.