Question

What does the nurse explain to a client that a positive diagnosis for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is based on?

1. Performance of high-risk sexual behaviors
2. Evidence of extreme weight loss and high fever
3. Identification of an associated opportunistic infection
4. Positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot tests

Answer 1

A positive diagnosis for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is based on positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot tests. (Option 4).

Step-by-step explanation:

The definitive diagnosis of HIV infection relies on laboratory tests, specifically the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot tests.

These tests detect the presence of antibodies or antigens related to HIV in a person's blood. ELISA is typically the initial screening test, and if it yields a positive result, it is confirmed by the more specific Western blot test.

These tests are highly sensitive and specific, providing a reliable indication of HIV infection. Other manifestations such as high-risk sexual behaviors, extreme weight loss, or opportunistic infections may be associated with HIV, but a positive diagnosis is established through the conclusive results of these immunological tests.

It is crucial for healthcare professionals to use accurate and validated diagnostic methods to ensure proper identification and management of HIV infection in individuals. (Option 4).