Final answer:
The question involves Physics at the high school level, focusing on optical properties of lenses and the behavior of projectiles influenced by gravity. It involves calculations and qualitative understanding of how focal lengths impact image formation, the consequences of sighting in firearms over different ranges, and the impact of various forces on a projectile.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject of this question is Physics, as it pertains to the principles of optics and ballistic trajectories. Within these examples, the principles of lens magnification, focal length, and the effects of gravity on projectile motion are explored. These physics concepts are often covered at the high school level.
Example Lens Calculation
For a telephoto lens with a focal length of 200 mm used to photograph a mountain 10.0 km away:
(a) The image is located at the focal point since the object (mountain) is at a substantially large distance, essentially at infinity. Thus, the image will be formed 200 mm away from the lens on the camera's image sensor.
(b) The magnification formula (magnification = image height/object height) related to the focal length can be applied to determine the height of the image of a 1000 m cliff, resulting in an extremely small, non-conspicuous Size on the image sensor.
Example Ballistic Trajectory Calculation
When discussing gun sights and adjustments for gravity:
(a) The impact point of a bullet aiming 150 m away, with the gun sighted for 100.0 m, requires applying ballistic formulas to determine how much lower the bullet would impact due to the extended range and gravity's effect.
(b) A larger muzzle velocity would result in the bullet travelling faster and potentially reducing the bullet drop due to gravity over a set distance, whereas air resistance would slow the bullet down over distance, affecting the accuracy and point of impact.