Final answer:
The patient displaying a sympathetic chain blockade would exhibit pupil constriction (miosis) on the affected side and dilated blood vessels with warm, dry skin on the affected limb due to a lack of sympathetic tone, characteristic of Horner's syndrome. ß-blockers act systemically to block ß-receptors which leads to vasodilation and reduced heart rate but would not cause these specific localized symptoms.
Step-by-step explanation:
The symptoms of a sympathetic chain blockade following an interscalene block for deltoid injury repair include pupil constriction (miosis) on the affected side and dilated blood vessels with warm, dry skin on the affected limb. The presence of miosis indicates Horner's syndrome, which is associated with the interruption of sympathetic nerves. Additionally, the interscalene block can lead to a lack of sympathetic tone in the affected arm, leading to vasodilation and a warm, dry appearance due to the absence of sympathetic-mediated vasoconstriction and sweating.
Horner's syndrome occurs because the sympathetic nervous system innervates the eye and face. A blockade of this system, which might happen unintentionally during certain procedures such as an interscalene block, would result in symptoms like miosis, ptosis (drooping of the eyelid), and decreased sweating (anhidrosis) on the same side of the lesion. In contrast, ß-blockers, which are used to treat cardiovascular diseases, work by blocking ß-receptors associated with vasoconstriction and cardioacceleration but do not typically cause miosis or change sweating patterns, as they act systemically rather than locally.
Moreover, it is important to note that adrenaline generally has a stimulatory effect on the heart rate and blood pressure, and not an inhibitory one as stated in some misconceptions. ß-blockers, therefore, have an antagonistic effect to adrenaline.