Final answer:
The use of positive pressure greater than 20 mmHg with a laryngeal mask airway may cause stomach inflation, due to the limitations of the oesophageal sphincter pressure.
Step-by-step explanation:
When ventilating a patient with a laryngeal mask airway (LMA), meticulous monitoring of positive pressure is crucial to prevent gastric inflation, a potential complication that may lead to aspiration and other serious consequences. The laryngeal mask airway is designed to secure an airway for mechanical ventilation or administration of anesthesia. However, improper application of positive pressure can result in the inflation of the stomach, posing a risk to the patient's well-being.
The oesophageal sphincter plays a vital role in preventing the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus. It can withstand pressures up to 20 mmHg. Exceeding this pressure threshold, particularly with positive pressure ventilation, increases the likelihood of forcing air into the stomach, causing gastric inflation. This scenario is concerning because it heightens the risk of regurgitation and aspiration, where stomach contents enter the respiratory system, potentially leading to pneumonia or other respiratory complications.
To mitigate this risk, healthcare professionals must be vigilant in monitoring and controlling the positive pressure applied during ventilation with a laryngeal mask airway. It is imperative to stay within safe pressure limits, ensuring that the pressure does not surpass the 20 mmHg threshold to prevent gastric inflation. Careful adjustment and continuous monitoring of ventilation parameters contribute to the safety and effectiveness of using a laryngeal mask airway in patient care, minimizing the potential for complications associated with positive pressure ventilation.