Final answer:
The ratio of voltage to current is known as resistance (measured in ohms), a crucial concept in electrical circuits and defined by Ohm's law.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ratio of voltage to current is known as resistance, which is a fundamental concept in electrical circuits described by Ohm's law. In an electrical circuit, voltage is the potential energy per unit charge with units of joules per coulomb (J/C), and current is the rate of flow of charge through a conductor, measured in amperes (A). The unit of resistance is ohms (Ω), which can be calculated using the formula V = IR, where V is voltage, I is the current, and R is the resistance. When one volt (V) drives a current of one ampere (A) through a resistor, the resistance is one ohm. Furthermore, electric power (P) is the rate at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit and can be calculated using the formula P = IV, where P is power in watts (W), I is current in amperes (A), and V is voltage in volts (V).