Final answer:
The correctly stated nursing diagnoses are (1) 'Anxiety related to fear of dying,' (2) 'Fatigue related to chronic emphysema,' and (3) 'Need for mouth care related to inflamed mucosa.' The scenario of John suggests he may have pneumonia, which is confirmed by clinical signs and imaging.
Step-by-step explanation:
From the nursing diagnoses provided, the correctly stated ones are as follows:
- Anxiety related to fear of dying.
- Fatigue related to chronic emphysema.
- Need for mouth care related to inflamed mucosa.
These diagnoses follow the NANDA format of a nursing diagnosis, which includes a problem (nursing diagnosis) and its related factors/causes. The fourth option, 'Risk for infection,' is incomplete as it does not state the related factors or causes and should specify the condition or situation that increases the risk.
In the clinical scenario given, John, a 65-year-old man with asthma and type 2 diabetes, is experiencing symptoms that suggest a respiratory illness, potentially pneumonia, which is confirmed by the presence of a 'shadow' in the lung imaging and other clinical signs. These conditions highlight the importance of recognizing and treating respiratory diseases promptly.
Clinical Focus - Asthma and Pneumonia
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that can be triggered by various environmental factors, leading to airflow obstruction and bronchospasm. Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs and may cause them to fill with fluid or pus. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a group of diseases that cause airflow blockage and breathing-related problems, including emphysema and chronic bronchitis, and is often related to tobacco smoking.