Final answer:
The nursing action that supports encouraging a patient to be involved in their own care is the principle of 3. autonomy. It ensures the right of patients to partake in decisions regarding their health care, upholding their self-determination.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ethical principle that supports encouraging a patient to be involved in planning and carrying out their own care is the principle of 3. autonomy.
This principle upholds the right of patients to make informed decisions about their own health care. By being involved in their care, patients exercise their agency or self-determination, which is central to autonomy in both ethical and clinical settings.
According to the principle of autonomy, informed consent is crucial. This means that individuals must be provided with all the relevant information required to make a voluntary decision to participate in any treatment or clinical trial, thereby protecting their rights.
The principle of justice, on the other hand, ensures that health care is distributed equitably and that similar cases receive similar treatment.
However, when it comes to a patient's involvement in their own care, autonomy is the guiding principle.