Final answer:
The US Constitution divides the federal government into three branches with separate powers, with a system of checks and balances to prevent any single branch from becoming too powerful.
Step-by-step explanation:
The best statement of how the US Constitution affects the separation of power in the federal government is that It divides government into three branches with separate powers (Option C). The Constitution established three separate branches: the legislative branch responsible for making laws, the executive branch responsible for enforcing laws, and the judicial branch responsible for interpreting laws.
This separation ensures that no single branch becomes too powerful, with a system of checks and balances put in place requiring the cooperation and approval of other branches for many actions, reflecting the framers' intent to prevent the concentration of power in any single part of the government.
The separation of powers in the federal government thus creates a balance that requires collaboration between the branches. For example, Congress needs the President's approval to enact legislation, but the President has the power of veto, which can subsequently be overridden by Congress with sufficient votes.