Final answer:
Upon being exposed to sharps, needlestick, or bodily fluids, immediate washing of the area with soap and water, application of antiseptic, and seeking medical evaluation are crucial steps. The use of HBIG and vaccination may follow, based on risk assessment. Proper sterilization and use of PPE are essential preventive measures.
Step-by-step explanation:
Immediate Actions After Exposure to Sharps or Bodily Fluids
When healthcare workers are exposed to sharps, needlestick injuries, or the bodily fluids of a patient, there are several immediate steps to follow to reduce the risk of infection. These include:
- Washing the exposed area with soap and water immediately to remove any traces of blood or fluids.
- Applying an antiseptic to the exposed area may be beneficial, although it is not guaranteed to prevent infection.
- Reporting the incident to a supervisor and seeking medical evaluation for potential exposure to infectious agents like HBV.
- Depending on the risk assessment, post-exposure prophylaxis, such as hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and vaccination, may be offered.
- Follow detailed institutional protocols for post-exposure management, which may include blood tests and follow-up treatments.
It's crucial to utilize personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves, gowns, and face protection, to prevent such exposures. Sterilization and disinfection of equipment and surfaces, especially those that might harbor viruses for extended periods, are also important. A solution of 10% bleach is recommended by the CDC for disinfecting surfaces that may have come in contact with infectious agents.