Final answer:
Pitocin, a synthetic form of oxytocin, is administered to Janine to induce labor after prolonged and ineffective contractions. Isotonic saline solution, like 0.9% sodium chloride, is used to treat dehydration in patients intravenously.
Step-by-step explanation:
Janine is administered an IV infusion of pitocin because her labor is prolonged and not progressing effectively. Pitocin is a synthetic form of oxytocin, which is a hormone that stimulates uterine contractions. The goal of such an infusion is to facilitate cervical dilation and to induce or augment labor, hopefully leading to a successful vaginal delivery. The mild contractions she is experiencing, coupled with only 2 cm dilation of the cervix at 41 weeks, indicate that despite being in labor for a prolonged period, labor is not progressing as expected.
Dehydration in patients can be treated by administering intravenous fluids. The most common solution given is an isotonic saline solution, such as 0.9% sodium chloride, which helps to replenish the lost fluids and electrolytes, maintaining fluid balance and promoting proper physiological function.