Final answer:
Acute renal failure is a rapidly progressive loss of renal function characterized by decreased urine production and electrolyte imbalances. Symptoms may include darkening of urine, abdominal pain, and cardiovascular abnormalities. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause.
Step-by-step explanation:
Acute renal failure is a rapidly progressive loss of renal function. It is typically characterized by decreased urine production, disturbances in body water and body fluids, and electrolyte derangement. The diagnosis of renal failure is typically made by elevated levels of creatinine or blood urea nitrogen in the blood, especially when oliguria (low urine output) is present.
Additionally, other symptoms that may be observed include darkening of urine upon standing, abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, cardiovascular abnormalities, anemia, edema, enlarged liver or spleen, and hydrops leading to the death of newborns in severe cases. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and may include fluid and electrolyte management, medication adjustments, or dialysis.