Final answer:
Immediate removal from water and starting chest compressions are vital steps in CPR for a drowning individual. High-quality chest compressions should be at a rate of 100 per minute and be 5 cm deep. Forcing air into the lungs with a balloon requires calculating the necessary force to create the proper gauge pressure.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement 'you should start compressions before placing an ET tube' addresses a critical step in the emergency procedure of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). In a situation where someone is drowning, the immediate removal of the person from the water is paramount before administering CPR. This is because CPR cannot be effectively performed in the water.
Once the individual is on stable ground, chest compressions should begin. According to current standards, these compressions should be at least 5 cm deep with a rate of 100 compressions per minute. This rhythm is akin to the beat of the song "Staying Alive" by the Bee Gees, illustrating the correct tempo for the compressions. At this juncture, the emphasis is on high-quality chest compressions over artificial respiration, generally continuing until the individual regains spontaneous contraction or a healthcare professional declares them deceased.
As for providing oxygen to an unconscious individual using a balloon to force air into their lungs, the force needed to generate a gauge pressure of 4.00 cm water on an effective area of 50.0 cm² would have to be calculated according to the principles of physics.