Final answer:
The single most important and effective step in neonatal resuscitation is ventilation of the lungs. The correct answer is option B.
Step-by-step explanation:
The single most important and effective step in neonatal resuscitation is B. Ventilation of the Lungs. After birth, it is critical for the newborn to establish effective respiration. When a baby does not breathe on their own, immediate resuscitation and potential intubation may be required.
Infants might need to be supported with a ventilator or nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) if they exhibit spontaneous breathing. The application of pulmonary surfactant is also crucial, as it reduces the surface tension in the alveoli making it easier for the lungs to inflate and function properly.
Circulatory adjustments also occur as the lungs take on the responsibility of exchanging carbon dioxide for oxygen—a task previously carried out by the placenta. Ventilation is hence pivotal in transitioning the infant’s circulatory system to function outside the womb.