Final answer:
The principal occupational risk for infection for phlebotomists is through needle sticks, exposing them to blood-borne pathogens. Utilizing proper protective gear, maintaining sterile technique, and following post-exposure protocols are critical to mitigate such risks. Vaccination against blood-borne diseases and thorough equipment sterilization are also key preventive measures.
Step-by-step explanation:
Principal Occupational Risk for Infection for Phlebotomists
The principal occupational risk for infection for phlebotomists is through needle sticks. Phlebotomists are health professionals who draw blood, and during this process, they are at risk of accidental punctures with needles used on patients. Such injuries can potentially expose them to blood-borne pathogens like Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
To mitigate these risks, health-care workers like phlebotomists must follow proper safety protocols which include using gloves and face protection, employing disposable syringes and needles, and maintaining a sterile field with proper aseptic technique. In addition, the facility's adherence to protocols for disinfection, for example using a 10% bleach solution recommended by the CDC for surfaces, is critical in reducing infection risks. Furthermore, phlebotomists should be vaccinated against HBV, and post-exposure protocols, such as treatment with HBIG, are important if an exposure event occurs.
Healthcare facilities also need to ensure appropriate sterilization of equipment, and testing of blood products to reduce the risk of infections like bacteremia or septicemia from contaminated catheters or transfusions.