Final answer:
The U.S. Constitution denies certain powers to the national government, such as granting titles of nobility, taxing exports or imports between states, and exercising powers reserved for states. States are also denied certain powers, including coining money and entering treaties. The Tenth Amendment establishes reserved powers for states and the people.
Step-by-step explanation:
Constitution's Denial of Powers to the National Government
U.S. Constitution explicitly denies certain powers to the national government. For example, Article I, Section 9 prohibits the government from suspending the right to a trial by jury, forbids both federal and state governments from granting “titles of nobility,” and prevents the enacting of laws that favor one state over others. It also bans the national government from exercising powers reserved for states and from passing laws that compromise the federal system as established by Congress.
Limits Placed on States Authorities
Power is also denied to the states by the Constitution. Article I, Section 10, for instance, restricts states from coining money, taxing imports and exports from other states, maintaining armies, engaging in wars, and entering into treaties with other states or nations. These prohibitions were instituted to ensure national unity and prevent conflicts with national authority.
Reserve Powers and Constitutional Limits
The concept of reserved powers is addressed in the Tenth Amendment, which clarifies that powers not delegated to the U.S. by the Constitution or denied to states are reserved to the states or the people. These reserved powers include matters the Constitution doesn't explicitly delegate to the national government or prohibit the states from doing. Reserve powers ensure state sovereignty in areas not otherwise mentioned in the Constitution.