Final answer:
Lithium therapy is known to induce nephrogenic diabetes insipidus by affecting the kidneys' ability to respond to antidiuretic hormone (ADH), causing excessive urination and increased thirst.
Step-by-step explanation:
The etiological factor of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (DI) is associated with the resistance of kidney nephrons to the action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). While diabetes insipidus can be caused by a chronic underproduction of ADH, nephrogenic DI specifically refers to the kidneys' inability to respond to ADH, leading to the excretion of large amounts of dilute urine, known as polyuria, and subsequent thirst and increased water intake. One common cause of nephrogenic DI is related to certain drugs, and among them, lithium therapy has been documented to induce nephrogenic DI by influencing the function of the renal tubules and their response to ADH.
2 Lithium therapy is the etiological factor of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus among the given options. Nephrogenic DI is characterized by the kidney's insensitivity to ADH, which can be induced by drugs such as lithium, leading to polyuria and increased thirst.