Final answer:
Emergency medical interventions, such as resuscitation, intubation, ventilator support, CPAP, and pulmonary surfactant administration, are necessary if a newborn is not breathing after birth. Monitoring the infant's Apgar score, particularly heart rate and respiration, guides the need for immediate actions.
Step-by-step explanation:
If a newborn is not breathing after the initial steps following birth, immediate medical intervention is necessary. Medical professionals may administer treatments that include resuscitation and, if required, intubation. The use of a ventilator might be essential to mechanically assist with the breathing process. In some cases, nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is applied if the infant exhibits spontaneous breathing. Additionally, administering pulmonary surfactant can significantly lower the mortality associated with Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS). Other supportive therapies, such as temperature regulation, nutritional support, and antibiotics, may also be necessary, especially in premature infants. It's important to monitor the infant's vitals according to the Apgar score, especially focusing on heart rate and respiration.
The timely application of these interventions can be critical in ensuring the newborn receives adequate oxygen to prevent potential long-term health issues or life-threatening situations.