Final answer:
PPV oxygen management for babies at or less than 35 weeks gestation involves the use of supplemental oxygen, pulmonary surfactant administration, and potentially CPAP or mechanical ventilation to support the underdeveloped respiratory system and improve survival and outcomes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV) oxygen management for babies at or less than 35 weeks gestation is critical due to their underdeveloped respiratory systems. A premature infant may require supplemental oxygen because their lungs might not be fully developed, specifically the alveoli and the production of pulmonary surfactant, which is essential for lung compliance and efficient gas exchange. Prematurity can result in Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS), which is characterized by inadequate surfactant levels and immature lungs.
Medical interventions such as administration of pulmonary surfactant and use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) might be necessary. In cases where the infant does not breathe spontaneously, assisted ventilation or even intubation and mechanical ventilation may be required. Other supportive therapies include temperature regulation, nutritional support, and administration of antibiotics if needed.