Final answer:
Tardive dyskinesia is a disorder resulting from the use of certain medications, characterized by involuntary movements. Treatment options include medication changes and the use of drugs specifically for tardive dyskinesia. Haloperidol side effects suggest impacts on the basal ganglia in the central nervous system.
Step-by-step explanation:
Tardive dyskinesia is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary, repetitive movements of the face and body which can include grimacing, sticking out the tongue, and smacking the lips. This condition often arises as a side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic medications. When it comes to treatment, options may include the discontinuation or change of medication under medical supervision. Some specific medications, like valbenazine or deutetrabenazine, have been approved to treat tardive dyskinesia. In addition to pharmacotherapy, nonpharmacological strategies such as relaxation and exercise could potentially reduce symptoms.
Considering the side effects of haloperidol, a medication which can induce tardive dyskinesia, the regions of the nervous system likely affected are those involved in the control of movement, such as the basal ganglia. The basal ganglia, located in the central nervous system, are significantly involved in the regulation of motor control and are also implicated in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease, which shares some motor symptoms with tardive dyskinesia, like muscle rigidity and tremor.